Anal Cancer

Anal Cancer

What Is Anal Cancer?

Anal cancer starts in the anus, which is the last part of our digestive system — the area through which the body removes waste. It happens when normal cells in this area start changing and growing uncontrollably, forming a lump or tumor.

Did you know?
 While anal cancer is less common than other digestive cancers, it’s becoming more frequent worldwide — mostly because of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

The best part — most cases can be treated without surgery, using a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, known as chemoradiation.

At Dr. Bharat Dua’s center, treatments are designed to:

• Achieve the best possible cure rates
   
• Protect normal anal function
   
• Reduce side effects as much as possible
   

Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention

We may not always know exactly why anal cancer develops, but there are certain risk factors that increase the chances:

• HPV infection – especially types 16 and 18
   
• Multiple sexual partners or unprotected sex
   
• History of anal warts or cancers in nearby areas (like the cervix or vagina)
   
• Weak immune system due to HIV or long-term medication
   
• Smoking
   
• Age above 50 years
   
• Chronic irritation or inflammation of the anal area
   

So, what can you do to lower your risk?

• Get the HPV vaccine – it’s one of the most effective ways to prevent anal cancer.
   
• Practice safe sex to reduce the spread of HPV.
   
• Quit smoking to protect your overall health.
   
• Keep your immune system strong through a healthy lifestyle.
   
• Go for regular check-ups if you fall in a higher-risk group.
   

Dr. Bharat Dua believes that prevention and awareness are just as important as treatment — and encourages everyone to learn, screen early, and take proactive steps.

Spotting the Signs: Early Detection and Diagnosis

Would you recognize the early signs of anal cancer? Paying attention to your body can make a big difference.

Here are some common symptoms to watch for:

• Bleeding or blood in your stool
   
• Pain or discomfort around the anus
   
• Itching, swelling, or unusual discharge
   
• A lump near the anal opening
   
• Changes in bowel habits or feeling like you can’t fully empty your bowels
   
• Swelling of lymph nodes in the groin (in advanced stages)
   

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis leads to faster, more effective treatment.

How is it diagnosed?
 Doctors may use:

• A physical or digital rectal exam (DRE)
   
• Anoscopy or proctoscopy to look inside the anal canal
   
• Biopsy to confirm cancer
   
• Imaging tests (MRI, CT, PET scans) to check how far it’s spread
   

At Narayana Hospital, Dr. Bharat Dua works closely to ensure accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan for every patient.

Treatment Options for Anal Cancer

The main goal of treatment is simple: remove the cancer while protecting normal function — and avoid surgery whenever possible.

1. Chemoradiation (Combination Treatment)

This is the most common and successful approach.
 It combines:

• Radiation therapy – uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells
   
• Chemotherapy – uses medicines to make radiation more effective
   

2. Advanced Radiation Techniques

Dr. Dua uses cutting-edge technology for precise, targeted treatment:

• IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy): Shapes radiation beams to fit the tumor and reduce harm to nearby organs.
   
• IGRT (Image-Guided Radiation Therapy): Uses real-time images to make sure radiation hits exactly where it’s needed.
   
• Brachytherapy: Places radiation close to the tumor inside the body for more focused treatment.
   

These methods often mean shorter treatment times, fewer side effects, and better long-term results.

3. Surgery (If Needed)

Surgery is only used if the cancer doesn’t fully respond to chemoradiation or returns later. Even then, doctors try to use minimally invasive approaches to preserve normal function.

Life After Treatment

Finishing treatment is a big step — but healing continues afterward. Regular follow-up helps ensure that everything stays on track.

After treatment, patients are supported through:

• Routine check-ups and imaging tests
   
• Help managing side effects like tiredness, skin irritation, or bowel changes
   
• Diet and lifestyle guidance to promote recovery
   
• Emotional and psychological support for patients and their families
   

Most people treated with chemoradiation recover well and continue to live normal, healthy lives. With modern technology and expert care from Dr. Dua, recovery is smoother, and quality of life remains high.

Why Choose Dr. Bharat Dua for Anal Cancer Treatment

• Over 15 years of experience in radiation oncology
   
• Skilled in advanced, precision-based radiation techniques
   
• Works with a multidisciplinary for complete care
   
• Focus on preserving organ function and minimizing side effects
   
• Empathetic, patient-centered care at Narayana Hospital, Gurgaon
   

Dr. Bharat Dua’s philosophy is built on clinical excellence and compassion. Every patient is treated as a person — not just a diagnosis — with honest communication and full support at every step.